Last week, Portugal’s Parliament approved a new nationality law. It does not rewrite the Golden Visa, but it changes what that investment leads to. For thousands of investors who built their lives here in good faith, the question is not only about legal timelines. It is about trust.

For global investors, not all European access is created equal. While both residency and citizenship offer a foothold in Europe, the long-term rights, mobility, and implications of each vary significantly. For families planning generational transitions, entrepreneurs hedging regulatory risks, or professionals building a life across borders, understanding the distinction is essential.